SHIKHAR MAINS 2022 - DAY 6 Model Answer English
Q1. उत्तर प्रदेश मे पाये जाने वाले खनिजों व उससे सम्बद्ध उद्योगो का उल्लेख कीजिये ।
Mention the minerals and it’s allied industries found in Uttar Pradesh.
Approach:
● Give a brief background on availability of minerals in different regions of UP
● Highlight about the minerals and allied industries found in UP.
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh is a lower middle class state in terms of minerals. Most of the mineral deposits here are found in the rocks of the Vindhyas, the Bundelkhand region and the lower parts of the Himalayas. In 1955, the Directorate of Earth Elements and Mineral Works was established. Its main task is to explore mineral wealth in the state, develop and establish industries. 1998 Mineral Development was granted industry status. According to the Uttar Pradesh Mineral Policy, 12 districts were declared as mineral rich areas.
Major Minerals and Mineral Areas of Uttar Pradesh:
In Uttar Pradesh, minerals like bauxite, diasure, dolomite, gypsum, limestone, magnesite, phosphorite, pyrophyllite, silica sand, sulfur and coal are found in different parts of the state.
● Coal: In terms of coal reserves, UP occupies the 8th position in the country. Here coal is found in the Gondwana stones of Sonbhadra. Coal obtained from Singrauli area of Sonbhadra is used in Obra Thermal Power Station and Singrauli Plant.
● Dolomite: The high level of dolomite mineral in the state is obtained from Kajrahat area in Sonbhadra. It is used in the steel industry for making effluents and reproducibles. Dolomite is also found in Banda district. It is used in the manufacturing of Portland cement, plaster of paris and acid.
● Silica sand: In terms of the production of glass sand, Uttar Pradesh ranks second in the country after Andhra Pradesh. Glass-worthy silica sand is obtained from Ganga and Yamuna rivers in the state. Glass sand is obtained from Shankargarh and Yamuna river area of Prayagraj district, Chakia area of Chandauli, Mundari and Bala Bahet area of Jhansi and Lohagarh, Bargarh and Dhandrol area of Banda and Chitrakoot district.
● Potash salt: These minerals are obtained from Prayagraj, Chandauli, Jhansi and Banda districts of the state.
● Endocyte: This mineral is available in large quantities in Mirzapur and Sonbhadra. It has high iron content but low alumina and alkali content. It is used in porcelain and spark plug industry.
● Pyrophyllite: This mineral is found in Jhansi, Lalitpur, Mahoba and Hamirpur districts of the state. It is used in the ceramic industry. It also used for production of pesticides.
● Talc or Selkhadi: There are deposits of Selkhadi mineral in Hamirpur and Jhansi districts of the state. It is also known as soap stone. It is used in the manufacturing of cosmetics, talcum powder, pesticide, textile and paper etc.
● Fire Clay (Nonplastic): In the state, deposits of fire clay have been found in the rocks of Gondwana era in Bansi, Makri and Khoh area of Mirzapur district.
● Rock phosphates: There are huge deposits of rock phosphate in Durmala, Kimai, Masrana, Mal Devta and Chamsari of Lalitpur. New areas have been identified in Banda also. This mineral is used to make fertilizers.
● GOLD: Some amount of gold is found in the sands of Sharda and Ramganga rivers in the state. According to new discoveries, there is a possibility of gold minerals in the Bhikhampur area of Lalitpur district and Hardi area of Sonbhadra.
● Copper: Sonrai area of Lalitpur district of the state is the major area of copper production. Copper is mainly found in the form of veins in igneous and flaky rocks.
● Uranium: Limited reserves of uranium have been discovered in Lalitpur district of the state.
● Marble: Marble and other building stones are found in Mirzapur and Sonbhadra districts.
● Asbestos: In UP Asbestos is found in Mirzapur and Baragaon area of Jhansi. It is mainly used in cement manufacturing and electrical equipment. It has the ability to tolerate heat and not be affected much by chemical action.
● Gypsum: Gypsum is found in Jhansi and Hamirpur districts of the state. Its use is mainly in cement, sulfur and chemicals called ammonium sulphate.
Q2. उत्तर प्रदेश में पाई जाने वाली विभिन्न प्रकार की मिट्टियों का संक्षिप्त विवरण प्रस्तुत कीजिए ।
Give a brief description of different types of soils found in Uttar Pradesh.
Approach
● Introduce with geographical location of UP.
● Describe about different types of soil found in UP
Answer:
Uttar Pradesh is a frontier state located in the north-central of India, whose position on the globe is between 23°52'N latitude to 30°24'N latitude and 7703’East longitude to 84°38'E longitude. Its length from east to west is 650 km and width from north to south is 240 km. Its total area is 2,40,928 sq km, which is 7.33 percent of the total area of India.
If the boundaries of Uttar Pradesh are seen from the natural point of view, then it is surrounded by the Shivalik ranges of Himalayas (extending in Uttarakhand and Nepal) in the north, Yamuna river and Vindhya ranges in the west, south-west and south and Gandak river in the east.
From the geo-morphological point of view, Uttar Pradesh is a landmass of the oldest 'Gondwana land continent' of India. The southern plateau part of the state is actually the northward part of peninsular India, which was formed in the Cambrian era from the rocks of the Vindhya order. The absence of fossil remains is found in the rocks of Vindhya order.
Uttar Pradesh is divided into three physical divisions, one of which is based on the texture of the land.
- Soil of Bhabhar and Terai region
- The soil of the middle plains
- The soils of the mountainous plateau region of the south
1. Soils of Bhabhar and Terai region:-
The northern part of the state i.e. Bhabhar region is formed by heavy deposits of Himalayan rivers, due to which the soil here is made up of pebbles and coarse sand. Therefore, water goes down, agricultural work is impossible in this area, mostly shrubs and forests are found here.
While the soil of the Terai region formed by the deposition of fine particles is flat marshy, moist, and fertile land, the yield of sugarcane and paddy is good in this soil.
2. Soils of the middle plains:-
● The vast Ganges-Yamuna plain situated in the central part is formed from the deposits of various rivers from the Pleistocene era till today.
● Potash and lime are found in abundance in it, while phosphorus, nitrogen and organic matter are lacking.
● The soil of this plain is divided into two categories – Khadar or new alluvial soil and Bangar or old alluvial soil. Saline, alkaline, desert, clay and black soils are also found in this area.
● Khadar Soil: The soil which keeps on renewing with every flood by rivers is called Khadar or new alluvial soil. This soil is light brown in colour, with porosity fine particles and has the ability to hold water, in this the amount of lime, potash, magnesium and organic elements is high, it is known by the names of sand, silt sand, loam etc. fertility of the soil is high.
● Bangar Soil: - That part of the Ganga Yamuna plain area where the flood water of rivers does not reach, the soil there is called Bangar or old alluvial soil, it is known by the names of Uphaar soil, loam, Matiyar, etc. Soils are mature and deep, due to the continuous use of agriculture, their fertility has become weak and there is a need of fertilizer.
● Saline and Alkaline Soils: Due to flat land and improper management of drainage, irrigation from canals, lack of rain, continuous use of alkaline fertilizers due to deep plowing etc. about 10 percent of the land has been degraded, which is found in the districts of Aligarh, Mainpuri, Kanpur, Unnao, Etah, Etawah, Rae Bareli, Sultanpur, Pratapgarh, Jaunpur, Allahabad, etc. It is also known as Reh, Barjar and Kallar.
● Black soil (Regur): Black soil is also found in the western districts of the state and in Bundelkhand region, which is called cotton soil in the local language.
3. Soils of the hilly-plateau region of the south-
● In the southern part of the region, pre-cambian age rocks are predominant. Districts like Lalitpur, Jhansi, Jalaun, Hamirpur, Mahoba, Banda, Chitrakoot, Sonbhadra and Chandauli are included in this region. Many types of soils are found here – Red soil, Parva, Mar (Mad), Rakar, Bhonta etc.
● Red Soil: This soil is found in southern Allahabad, Jhansi, Mirzapur, Sonbhadra, Chandauli districts. This soil is formed due to the breakdown of Vindhyan rocks. Nitrogen, phosphorus, lime deficiency and excess iron content are found in it. Hence, pulses and oilseeds are cultivated here.
● Parva Soil- It is also called Padwa. It is found in Hamirpur, Jalaun, and in Ravines areas. It is a light red-brown sandy-loam soil, deficient in organic matter. Jowar (kharif) and gram (rabi) crops are grown in this.
● Mar (Maad) Soil - This is clay soil which is black in color. Agricultural work is done in this because there is a shortage of water and it becomes sticky with water. Therefore, short duration crop is grown in it. It is found in western districts.
