SHIKHAR MAINS 2022- DAY 51 Model Answer English
Q1. नीतिशास्त्र से आप क्या समझते हैं? इसके साथ ही सार्वजनिक जीवन में नीतिशास्त्र का महत्त्व स्पष्ट कीजिये।
What do you understand by ethics? Along with this, explain the importance of ethics in public life.
Approach:
· Define ethics in the introduction.
· Explain the importance of ethics in public life.
· Conclude with the requirement of ethics in public life.
Answer:
Ethics is concerned with criteria of what is morally right and wrong. It includes the formulation of moral rules that have direct implications for what human actions, institutions, and ways of life should be like. Ethics is based on the assessment of such human behaviour which is related to the voluntary action of the person, that is, if the person had the option of choosing, then that action would have been done in other ways also. Thus, ethics is also concerned with the truthfulness or recognition of moral standards.
Ethics is not related to the individual level of a person, but to the individual as a human being, a member of the organisation and society. The role of family, society and educational institutions is of special importance to develop human values, which are important for socialization. There are various important factors of Ethics that expedite the decision-making process of the individual. If a person is moral then there will be no confusion in his mind, there is uniformity in the mind-thought-action of a moral person.
Importance of ethics in Public Life:
· Ethics reduces the chances of misuse of discretionary powers vested in public servants.
· Ethics encourages a sense of responsibility in individuals/public servants.
· Ethics has special importance in developing self-accountability.
· Ethics proves helpful in maintaining smooth social relationships between individuals and between public and public servants.
· Ethics helps in developing the moral, ethical conduct of public servants/individuals.
· Ethics, social welfare, public interest, social interest encourages protection and development.
· Ethics governs that aspect or dimension of behaviour of a public servant or person which is not possible by formal law or rule of law.
· Ethics encourages efficiency and effectiveness in civil servants.
· Ethics strengthens the credibility of public servants in the eyes of society.
· Ethics makes the interaction between public servants and politicians more smooth.
· Through ethics, public servants have a special responsibility for the optimum use of public resources.
· Ethics creates a sense of leadership among individuals.
Ethics being a universal process, its impact is seen in different fields and at different levels like politics, administration, business, medicine, public service, international relations etc. No human conduct can be justified without moral values.
Thus, it is clear that morality plays an important role in the smooth conduct of public life.
Q2. नैतिक दुविधा से क्या तात्पर्य है? इस संदर्भ में नैतिक मार्गदर्शन के आधार के रूप में विधि और अंतरात्मा की चर्चा कीजिए।
What is meant by Ethical dilemma? Discuss how Law and conscience are the basis of ethical guidance in this context.
Approach:
· Start your answer with the definition of ethical dilemma.
· Discuss the guiding principles in resolving the ethical dilemma.
Answer:
The Ethical dilemma refers not to choose between right and wrong, but to the choose between competitive fairness. In which no option is completely right or wrong, but there is a difference of degree in their being right or wrong. Some options are less correct and some are more correct.
The ethical dilemma in the service work of a civil servant can be understood from the following points: -
· Control vs. Self-Determination
· Public interest vs. public welfare
· Privatization vs. Nationalization
· Economic Values vs. Social Values
· Political Servant Vs Public Servant
· Privacy & Transparency
· Neutrality and Commitment etc.
Public servants have to face an ethical dilemma because of the above parameters. Law and conscience are adopted by public servants as sources of moral guidance to resolve ethical dilemmas. In which the law acts as the outer guide and the conscience as the inner guide. This can be understood from the following points-
· Law refers to the rules, beliefs, traditions, etc. which are binding on every organization or society.
· Law can be both written and unwritten.
· Law itself is the codification of the moral values which govern the social system and the social order is dependent on the moral system existing in the society.
· Law regulates morality and morality itself regulates by law.
· A method acquires social acceptance only when it conforms to social moral values.
· Legality and morality are mutually dependent on each other.
· To become a good citizen, it is necessary to follow the law. Whereas in order to become a good human being, it is necessary to follow morality.
· A good citizen should always be a good human or a good human being should always be a good citizen, it is not mandatory but its possibility is high.
· Every law is a codification of moral values. Therefore, the observance of the law by a good citizen automatically shows the compliance of moral values.
· The law is not a suggestion or recommendation but a binding one.
· When guidance is not possible for the solution of a moral dilemma by law, then one looks to the soul which is the inner source of moral guidance.
· The conscience is not based on any emotion or feeling, but on logical thinking and rationality. The conscience is the basis of the human being. Therefore, it is the duty of every person to comply with the conscience.
Therefore, along with the law, the guidance of the conscience is very necessary in resolving the moral dilemma by the public servants. For the guidance of the conscience, it is more important to educate the conscience because administration and management are all about doing things in a proper way. The basis of conscience is rationality. According to Mahatma Gandhi, there is no other higher court of appeal from the court of conscience.
