SHIKHAR MAINS 2022- DAY 43 Model Answer English
Q1. सतत विकास लक्ष्य(SDGs) क्या हैं? भारत में सतत विकास लक्ष्य को पूरा करने के लिए किए जा रहे प्रयासों का उल्लेख कीजिये।
What are Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs)? Mention the measures taken to meet the Sustainable Development Goals in India.
Approach:
· In introduction explain the background of the SDGs along with the objectives of the goals.
· Further, describe the efforts being made in India to fulfill these goals with examples.
Answer:
Sustainable development is the development that meets the needs of the present generation without compromising on the interests of future generations. The concept of sustainable development was given by the World Commission on Environment and Development. In the 1992 Earth Summit, an action plan named Agenda 21 was adopted to achieve sustainable development. This was followed by Rio+10 (Johannesburg Conference)- 2002 with the goal of implementing the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs). In the United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio+20), 7 areas were identified on which priority can be given towards sustainable development. This document provided support for developing the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). In 2015, the United Nations General Assembly adopted the Millennium Sustainable Development Goal 2030 to adopt a forward development agenda in place of the Millennium Development Goals (which ended in 2015). It aims to promote inclusive growth by ending poverty and hunger and ensuring gender equality from 2015 to 2030. In this, for the next 15 years (2015-2030) 17 goals and 169 objectives were fixed.
Efforts made by India to meet the Sustainable Development Goals:
· India has signed the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC) and the Convention on Biodiversity (CBD) towards achieving the Sustainable Development Goals.
· Promotion of clean environment and environmental protection through National Environment Policy 2006;
· Constitution of NGT through National Green Tribunal Act 2010 to address environmental concerns;
· Comprehensive policies and programs have been formulated to promote sustainable development in India. Under the National Action Plan on Climate Change, a multi-faceted and comprehensive approach has been adopted by 8 sub-missions.
o National Solar Mission- 100 GW of renewable solar power generation by 2022; Ultra Mega Solar Power Projects; Green Energy Corridors; International Solar Alliance etc.
o National Mission for Enhanced Energy Efficiency – target of saving 10000 MW of energy by 2022;
o National Mission on Sustainable Habitat - focus on urban transport, energy efficiency, solid waste management etc.; Energy Conservation Building Code; Nectar; Smart City etc.;
o National Water Mission - enhancing water use efficiency, basin management etc.;
o National Mission for Sustaining the Himalayan Ecosystem
o National Mission for a Green India- Afforestation;
o National Mission for Sustainable Agriculture
o National Mission on Strategic Knowledge for Climate Change;
Apart from this, more campaigns/programs have been launched to ensure sustainable development-
· MANREGA
· National Food Security Campaign
· National Agricultural Development Scheme
· Integrated Watershed Management Program
· Perform Achieve Trade plan
· Solar Rooftop Investment Program
· Prime Minister Ujjwala Yojana
· street lighting program
· Ayushman Bharat
· Swachh Bharat Abhiyan and others.
If India is to achieve the goals set in Agenda 2030, then such a policy will have to be made that harmonizes with the policies implemented in all sectors. At the same time, for the implementation of these policies at the administrative and grossroot level, attention will have to be given on co-ordination and participation. Significantly, we could not achieve the Millennium Development Goals by the year 2015, the main reason for this was that the implementation of the policies set to achieve these goals was not strong. If we achieve the goals of sustainable development by 2030, then India can become a developed and prosperous nation.
Q2. आर्थिक विकास एवं समावेशी विकास में अंतर स्पष्ट करते हुए समावेशी विकास के विभिन्न घटकों का उल्लेख कीजिये।
Explaining the difference between economic development and inclusive development, discuss the various components of inclusive development.
Approach -
· In introduction define economic development and inclusive development.
· In the second part, establish the difference between them.
· In conclusion, the relationship between the two can be discussed.
Answer:
Economic development is the efficient use of all productive resources by a country to increase its real income. It is a continuous or continuous process in which the supply of resources and the demand for a commodity keeps on changing from time to time. In economic development, the standard of living of the general public improves and welfare works are increased by the government. Economic development leads to increase in real national and per capita income.
Inclusive Growth: Inclusive growth is development with equal opportunities. In other words, such development which not only creates new economic opportunities but also ensures equal access to the opportunities created for all sections of the society, we can call that development as inclusive development. It ensures the participation and contribution of all the members of the society. The basis of this process of development is equality.
Difference between economic growth and inclusive development:
1. Economic development is primarily aimed at the development of the people through economic growth. While inclusive growth also encourages the creation of opportunities for economic growth.
2. Inclusive development targets all sections of the society. While economic development does not target specifically.
3. Economic growth is the basis of economic development whereas the basis of inclusive development is equity.
4. Economic development does not take into account the circumstances of the people whereas in inclusive development, the circumstances of the people are taken care of.
5. Economic growth does not ensure inclusive growth.
6. If economic growth generates income inequality, inclusive growth becomes rare.
7. Inclusive development is essential for the sustainable development of a country.
Both are expected in a developing country like India. The sustainable development of the country can be ensured along with the welfare of the people by establishing economic development as inclusive growth.
