SHIKHAR MAINS 2022- DAY 38 Model Answer English
Q1. पंचायती राज संस्थाओं के माध्यम से महिला सशक्तिकरण एक मिथक नहीं बल्कि वास्तविकता है। समालोचनात्मक विश्लेषण कीजिये?
Women empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions is not a myth but a reality. Critically analyze?
Approach-
• In the beginning of the answer, write the participation of women in the Panchayati Raj system in introduction.
• Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions – Write as a reality.
• Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions – Write as a myth.
• Conclusion by writing the way forward.
Answer-
The 73rd Constitutional Amendment Act has proved to be a milestone in the direction of democratic decentralization. This process of decentralization gave leadership to all sections of the society. The Panchayati Raj system played an important role in promoting women empowerment and inclusive development along with ensuring people's participation from the decentralized governance system.
Women empowerment refers to the freedom of decisions taken by women. That is, ensuring women's education and freedom, along with getting equal opportunities in social services, ensure participation in the formulation of political and economic policies. Women should feel that they are the same participants in the politics of independent India as men.
Provision of Women's Reservation in Panchayats on the basis of Article 243D of the Constitution, the provision of women's reservation was made. Under this article, a provision of one-third reservation was made for women. However, in some states, it has also been increased to 50 percent.
Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions- As a Reality;
• For the first time women got administrative rights through Panchayati Raj. This instilled confidence in them and along with political activism, started making efforts to solve the problems of the local areas.
• Many women heads, with the help of women sarpanches, opposed dowry, alcoholism, superstition, customary traditions. For example, in states like Bihar, women played an important role in the prohibition of liquor.
• Due to the reservation of 50 percent in the Panchayati Raj system, where political consciousness was generated among the women of rural areas, awareness about their rights also increased among them.
Women Empowerment through Panchayati Raj Institutions- as a Myth;
• In India, even though the provision of reservation was made for women to ensure their participation in local self-government, but they do not get the real benefit of it. Most of the women sarpanches are replaced by their husbands or brothers or relatives. Not free to make dicision.
• There have been occasional incidents of violent incidents with elected women representatives and also incidents of sexual assault and gang rape.
Following efforts should be made to make women empowerment a reality through Panchayati Raj Institutions;
• Educating women;
• To provide training on Panchayati Raj system;
• Promoting awareness;
• Providing social and legal assistance;
• The role of the family should be only cooperative and not decisive;
In conclusion, the condition of rural women has improved a lot due to the Panchayati Raj system. But still those women have not become empowered enough to play their strong role in this system. For this, women will also have to come forward fearlessly, as well as the government will have to keep the initiative to empower it further by paying attention to the shortcomings in it.
Q2. राष्ट्रीय पिछड़ा वर्ग आयोग के कार्यों और शक्तियों की चर्चा कीजिए।
Discuss the functions and powers of the National Commission of Backward classes.
Approach:
• Begin the Introduction by telling about the National Commission for Backward Classes.
• Write the functions of National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) in the main section.
• Mention the powers of National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC).
Answer:
• The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) was set up in the year 1993 as per the direction of the Supreme Court in the Mandal case verdict.
• After this, according to the 102nd Amendment Act of the year 2018, Constitutional status was given to this commission. For this a new Article 338-B was brought in the Constitution.
• With this amendment the Commission became a constitutional body from a statutory body.
Composition: - The National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) consists of a chairman, a vice-chairman and three other members. Who are appointed by the President. Their terms of service and tenure are also determined by the President.
Functions of National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC) -
Following are the functions of the commission: -
• To investigate and monitor all matters relating to constitutional and other legal safeguards for socially and educationally backward classes and to evaluate their actions.
• To protect the rights of socially and educationally backward classes and to investigate specific complaints regarding denial of safeguards.
• To participate and advise in the socio-economic development of socially and educationally backward classes and to evaluate the progress of their development under the Union or State.
• To submit to the President annually or at such other times as he thinks fit, a report on the working of those safeguards.
• To make recommendations about the measures to be taken by the Union or the State for the effective implementation of safeguards and to take other measures for the protection, welfare and socio-economic development of the socially and educationally backward classes.
• To discharge such other functions in relation to the protection, welfare, development and advancement of socially and educationally backward classes, as the President may direct.
Powers of National Commission for Backward Classes (NCBC): -
The Commission has the power to regulate its own procedure. The Commission, while inquiring into any matter or inquiring into any complaint, has all the powers of a civil court hearing a suit, in particular with respect to the following matters: -
• Calling and enforcing the attendance of any person from any part of India and examining him on oath.
• Search for a document when needed.
• Obtaining evidence on affidavits.
• Requisition of any public record from any court or office.
• Issuance of summons for examination of documents and witnesses.
• In any other matter which the President may determine.
